TLS (Transport Layer Security) and HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) play pivotal roles in securing online communication, but understanding how they work can be daunting. In this article, we'll unravel the mysteries of TLS and HTTPS, exploring their inner workings and shedding light on their limitations.

• Handshake Protocol: TLS begins with a handshake protocol, where the client and server negotiate encryption parameters and establish a secure connection. This process involves exchanging cryptographic keys and verifying each other's identity using digital certificates.

• Encryption: Once the secure connection is established, TLS encrypts the data exchanged between the client and server, ensuring confidentiality and integrity. This encryption prevents eavesdropping and tampering by malicious actors.

• Data Transmission: With the secure connection in place, HTTPS (HTTP over TLS) allows for secure data transmission between the client's web browser and the server hosting the website. All HTTP requests and responses are encrypted using TLS, protecting sensitive information such as login credentials, payment details, and personal data.

• Certificate Authorities (CAs): Digital certificates, issued by trusted Certificate Authorities (CAs), play a crucial role in TLS and HTTPS. These certificates validate the authenticity of the server's identity, providing assurance to the client that they are communicating with the intended website and not an impostor.

End-to-End Encryption: HTTPS ensures end-to-end encryption, meaning that data remains encrypted throughout its entire journey—from the client's browser to the server and back. This safeguards data against interception and manipulation by intermediaries, such as internet service providers or hackers.

TLS and HTTPS are essential technologies for securing online communication, providing encryption, authentication, and data integrity. By understanding how TLS and HTTPS work and their limitations, developers and system administrators can implement robust security measures to protect sensitive information and ensure a safe browsing experience for users.