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A hash table is a data structure that stores key-value pairs, where each key is mapped to a unique index using a hashing function. This mapping allows for constant-time average-case performance for insertion, deletion, and retrieval operations.

A Set in TypeScript is a collection of unique elements, where each element occurs only once. Unlike arrays, Sets do not maintain any specific order of elements, and they automatically eliminate duplicates.

Trie is a tree-like data structure that stores a dynamic set of strings where the keys can be traversed in a prefix search manner. Each node of the Trie represents a single character of the string, and the path from the root to a node spells out a particular string. Trie enables fast searching, insertion, and deletion of strings, making it suitable for tasks like autocomplete, spell checking, and dictionary implementations.

A heap is a specialized binary tree-based data structure that satisfies the heap property. In a heap, every parent node has a value that is either greater than or less than (depending on the type of heap) the values of its children nodes. This property ensures that the highest (or lowest) priority element is always at the root of the heap.

A queue is a linear data structure that stores a collection of elements with two primary operations: enqueue and dequeue. The enqueue operation adds an element to the rear of the queue, while the dequeue operation removes and returns the front element of the queue. Additionally, queues typically support other operations such as peek (retrieve the front element without removing it) and isEmpty (check if the queue is empty).

A stack is a linear data structure that stores a collection of elements with two primary operations: push and pop. The push operation adds an element to the top of the stack, while the pop operation removes and returns the top element of the stack. Additionally, stacks often support other operations such as peek (retrieve the top element without removing it) and isEmpty (check if the stack is empty).

A linked list is a linear data structure consisting of a sequence of elements, known as nodes, where each node contains a data element and a reference (or pointer) to the next node in the sequence. The last node typically points to null, indicating the end of the list. Linked lists come in different variants, such as singly linked lists, doubly linked lists, and circular linked lists, each with its own characteristics and benefits.

A matrix is a two-dimensional array of numbers arranged in rows and columns. In TypeScript, we can represent a matrix using a nested array, where each inner array represents a row of the matrix.

Arrays are one of the most fundamental and versatile data structures in programming. In TypeScript, arrays allow us to store and manipulate collections of elements efficiently. In this article, we'll dive deep into understanding arrays in TypeScript, exploring their features, operations, and best practices through code examples.

Primitive data structures form the foundation of any programming language, providing fundamental building blocks for storing and manipulating data. In TypeScript, primitive data types include numbers, strings, booleans, null, and undefined. Understanding these primitive data structures and how to work with them is essential for every TypeScript developer.

A graph is a collection of nodes (vertices) and edges (connections) that link pairs of nodes. Nodes can represent entities such as cities, people, or web pages, while edges represent relationships between them. Graphs can be directed (edges have a specific direction) or undirected (edges have no direction).

Trees are hierarchical data structures that consist of nodes connected by edges. They are widely used in computer science for organizing and representing hierarchical relationships between data. In TypeScript, we can implement tree data structures to store and manipulate hierarchical data efficiently. In this article, we'll delve into understanding tree data structures in TypeScript, exploring their characteristics, operations, and implementation with code examples.